Conversion disorder, now known as Functional Neurological Disorder (FND), is a psychological condition characterized by the presence of physical symptoms that cannot be attributed to any underlying medical or neurological condition. These symptoms may include motor or sensory deficits, such as weakness, paralysis, blindness, numbness, or seizures, but they have no identifiable organic cause. Instead, they are believed to be the result of psychological factors.
Key features of Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Disorder) include:
Medically Unexplained Symptoms: The symptoms experienced by individuals with this disorder cannot be explained by any known medical or neurological condition. There may be no physical basis for the symptoms, and they often appear suddenly.
Psychological Factors: Conversion disorder is thought to be closely linked to psychological distress or emotional conflicts. The symptoms often serve as a way for the person to cope with or express their emotional distress, which they may not be consciously aware of.
Incompatibility with Known Neurological Conditions: Physicians typically conduct thorough medical evaluations and diagnostic tests to rule out any organic causes for the symptoms. Symptoms in conversion disorder are inconsistent with known neurological diseases.
La belle indifférence: Some individuals with conversion disorder may display a surprising lack of concern or distress about their physical symptoms, even when they are severe. This is known as "la belle indifférence."
Symptom Variability: Symptoms of conversion disorder can vary widely among individuals and may change over time. They can affect different parts of the body and often do not follow typical patterns seen in neurological diseases.
Treatment for Functional Neurological Disorder typically involves a multidisciplinary approach that includes psychotherapy (such as cognitive-behavioral therapy or psychodynamic therapy) to address underlying psychological factors, physical therapy, and sometimes medications to manage associated symptoms like anxiety or depression. A supportive and empathetic healthcare team can play a crucial role in helping individuals with this condition.
It's important to note that a diagnosis of conversion disorder should be made by qualified healthcare professionals after a thorough evaluation to exclude any potential underlying medical conditions. Additionally, the condition's name has changed to Functional Neurological Disorder to better reflect the understanding of the disorder and reduce stigma associated with the term "conversion."
