Japan's so-called 'peace constitution' renounces war as a sovereign right of the nation, and bans the nation from possessing any war potential. Yet Japan also maintains a large, world-class military organization, namely the Self-Defence Forces (SDF). In this book, Tomoyuki Sasaki explores how the SDF enlisted popular support from civil society and how civil society responded to the growth of the SDF. Japan's Postwar Military and Civil Society details the interactions between the SDF and civil society over four decades, from the launch of rearmament in 1950. These interactions include recruitment, civil engineering, disaster relief, anti-SDF litigation, state financial support for communities with bases, and a fear-mongering campaign against the Soviet Union. By examining these wide-range issues, the book demonstrates how the militarization of society advanced as the SDF consolidated its ideological and socio-economic ties with civil society and its role as a defender of popular welfare. While postwar Japan is often depicted as a peaceful society, this book challenges such a view, and illuminates the prominent presence of the military in people's everyday lives. Tomoyuki Sasaki surveys the move from Japan's total demilitarisation in 1945, to the creation of a police reserve, the creation of a Self Defence Force (Jieitai), and the increasing integration of the Jieitai into selected local communities. Despite immense popular support for the retention of Article 9 of the Constitution of Japan, which renounces belligerence, the Jietai continues to play an important, albeit contested, role in Japanese civil society. Its existence challenges the notion of a pacifist Japan. Tomoyuki Sasaki's examination of the historical development of the Jieitai and its imbrication in local communities is particularly timely, and can help inform contemporary debates on pacifism and militarism.